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Justice secretary launches major assault on 'prison works' orthodoxy espoused by former Tory home secretary Michael Howard

Kenneth Clarke today launched a scathing attack on the "Victorian bang 'em up" prison culture of the past 20 years.

The justice secretary's speech, to the Centre for Crime and Justice Studies in London, marked a major assault on the "prison works" orthodoxy launched by the former Tory home secretary Michael Howard â€" and was believed to be causing nervousness in Downing Street in advance of its delivery today.

Clarke warned that simply "banging up more and more people for longer" is actually making some criminals worse without protecting the public.

"In our worst prisons, it produces tougher criminals," Clarke said. "Many a man has gone into prison without a drug problem and come out drug dependent. And petty prisoners can meet up with some new hardened criminal friends."

Clark faces growing pressure to stop the UK 's ?? 4 billion prison building program - the largest in Europe - and his speech will fuel hopes that he would divert thousands of offenders from jail sentencing, when the government' review of penalties issued fall.

Justice Minister faces battle if he is to stabilize the growth of the prison population is projected to increase to 94,000 before the next general election.

Clarke was last in charge of prisons when he was home secretary between 1992 and 1993, when the prison population in England and Wales stood at 44,628.

He said today that the current population of 85000 it "a surprising number of which I would have dismissed as impossible and absurd, if the prediction was put to me in the forecast in 1992".

He said that "for as long as I can remember" the political debate on law and order has been reduced to a competition over whether a government has spent more public money and locked up more people for longer than its predecessor.

It now costs more to put someone in prison â€" £38,000 â€" than it does to send a boy to Eton.

The justice secretary said: "The consequence is that more and more offenders have been warehoused in outdated facilities and we spend vast amounts of public money on prison. But no proper thought has been given to whether this is really the best and most effective way of protecting the public against crime."

Clarke pointed out that prison is the necessary punishment for many offenders, but questioned whether "ever more prison for ever more offenders" always produces better results for the public.

He provided his own answer, noting that record numbers of prisoners and the crime rate in England and Wales are currently among the highest in Western Europe.

He said that just locking people up without actively seeking to change them is "what you would expect of Victorian England" and notes that reoffending rates among the 60,000 prisoners given short sentences has reached 60% and rising.

\\ "It does not surprise me. It's almost impossible to do something productive with offenders on short sentences. And many of them eventually losing their jobs, their homes and their families during their short time inside," said Clark.

The justice secretary's speech will fuel expectations among prison reform groups that the sentencing review will lead to a drive to divert short-sentence inmates away from prison.

But Clarke was careful not to spell out that solution in today's speech. He said that a "far more constructive approach" is to make prisons places of education, hard work and change, and to provide rigorous enforced community sentences that get offenders off drugs and alcohol and into jobs.

In doing so he put his weight behind "the most radical" Conservative plans for a "rehabilitation revolution", involving the voluntary and private sectors in programmes to change offenders inside and outside prison, and paying them by results.

"They would have clear financial incentives to keep offenders away from crime. And success would be measured by whether or not they are reconvicted within the first few years of leaving prison," he said.

David Cameron has defended the proposals in prime minsiter 'S issues in the House of Commons today. He said that the government in order to clarify the "complete disorder" in the criminal justice system left by Labour.

He insisted "radical reform" was needed, and highlighted the cost of a prison place, as well as the "appalling" drugs problem in jails and high recidivism rates among ex-prisoners.

But Cameron was careful to point out that he believed prison could work. "The fact is, I believe that prison can work, the fact is it is just not working properly at the moment," he told MPs.

Howard 'S "Prison work" approach was outlined in October 1993 and held power until now.

Clarke's speech marks a return to the language of former home secretary Douglas Hurd's 1991 white paper, which said prison "was an expensive way of making bad people worse" â€" and the prison population then stood at only 42,000.

In an article in the Mail today, Jack Straw, the shadow justice secretary, says that sending more people to jail has cut crime. "In the crazy world of coalition government, Kenneth Clarke shows that he has learnt nothing about fighting crime in the time since he was in charge of prisons 17 years ago," Straw writes.

"Does anyone seriously believe that crime would have come down and stayed down without those extra prison places [created by Labour]? And it is simply untrue that prisons are â€" as the Liberal Democrats assert â€" 'colleges of crime'."

Straw says David Cameron defended the need for short sentences during the election campaign. Cameron said that his mother had been a magistrate and that her experience had taught him that short prison sentences were necessary when other remedies did not work.

Responding to these claims in an interview on BBC Radio 4's Today programme this morning, Clarke said he was not at odds with Cameron.

He said he did believe there was a case for short prison sentences in some circumstances, such as for dealing with "the kind of nuisance criminal who is a recidivist".

But it was important to examine alternatives to prison, Clarke said, adding: "I take a very practical approach. What I want to use the taxpayers' money for is results. The real challenge, if you are faced with a difficult, inadequate, not very nice person, is to try to make sure that he does not commit another criminal offence.

\\ "No matter how reasonable method you use, if you are able to ensure that he has not committed another criminal offense for a year or two or three years, I propose to pay for it."